IF LR and PS/ACR are up-to-date with respect to each other, then LR sends only settings to PS and PS uses those settings with ACR behind the scenes to open the file. Just because you don’t see ACR’s UI doesn’t mean it’s not being used. What ends up in PS is not a “preview” of a LR rendering. ACR and LR share the same rendering engine (if they are up-to-date with respect to each other) so what ends up in PS is the same as what would end up in PS if you exported a 16-bit ProPhotoRGB TIF from LR and opened that in PS, which is what happens when LR is newer than PS/ACR as is your situation.
In what other way should two image editing apps communicate than the two ways they do depending on whether their versions are synchronized or not?